《岩土工程学报》1998～2004年刊载论文统计分析

通过检索1998～2004年《岩土工程学报》刊载的学术论文,按照文献计量学的原理对该期刊的载文量、作者的地区和单位分布、核心第一作者等做了初步的统计分析,还按照论文的研究方法即其偏重于理论或实验的程度做了分类和讨论分析,从一个侧面揭示了我国岩土工程科研领域一些特点和规律,并对今后的办刊方向提出了一些建议。     

Economic evaluation of alternative wastewater treatment plant options for pulp and paper industry

Excessive water consumption in pulp and paper industry results in high amount of wastewater. Pollutant characteristics of the wastewater vary depending on the processes used in production and the quality of paper produced. However, in general, high organic material and suspended solid contents are considered as major pollutants of pulp and paper industry effluents. The major pollutant characteristics of pulp and paper industry effluents in Turkey were surveyed and means of major pollutant concentrations, which were grouped in three different pollution grades (low, moderate and high strength effluents), and flow rates within 3000 to 10,000 m³/day range with 1000 m³/day steps were used as design parameters. Ninety-six treatment plants were designed using twelve flow schemes which were combinations of physical treatment, chemical treatment, aerobic and anaerobic biological processes. Detailed comparative cost analysis which includes investment, operation, maintenance and rehabilitation costs was prepared to determine optimum treatment processes for each pollution grade. The most economic and technically optimal treatment processes were found as extended aeration activated sludge process for low strength effluents, extended aeration activated sludge process or UASB followed by an aeration basin for medium strength effluents, and UASB followed by an aeration basin or UASB followed by the conventional activated sludge process for high strength effluents.     

Characterization of sewage solid-associated viruses and behavior in natural waters

The association of bacteriophages and animal viruses with solids has been demonstrated to have a protective effect, resulting in enhanced survival in natural waters and resistance to inactivation by chlorine. In this study, attempts were made to differentiate solid-associated viruses and freely suspended viruses in secondarily treated sewage by the retention of sewage solids on membrane filters treated with fetal calf serum to prevent adsorption of freely suspended virus. Solid-associated viruses collected on membrane filters were eluted with pH 11.5, 0.05 M glycine buffer. The percentage of the total coliphage and animal virus associated with solids in secondarily treated sewage discharges ranged from < 1.0 to 24% and 3 to 100%, respectively. The largest quantity of solid-associated coliphage was attached to particles greater than 8.0 μm and less than 0.65 μm in size. Tapwater, lake water and estuarine water were all capable of eluting solid-associated coliphages. Elution of coliphages in marine water appeared to be related to the salinity of the water. Coliphages eluted from sewage solids in seawater could readsorb to naturally occurring marine sediment.     

改性淀粉壁纸胶粘剂

阐述了改性淀粉胶的反应原理，讨论了淀粉胶、脲醛胶的制备及其共混制取优质价廉壁纸胶的工艺、配方和性能，并对淀粉胶与改性淀粉胶的粘接强度、自然干燥时间进行了对比。     

石膏纸板与纸面石膏板技术性能关系探讨

石膏纸板是生产纸面石膏板的主要原料之一。它的诸项性能对纸面石膏板的生产工艺及质量有着直接影响。介绍了石膏纸板的技术性能，生产工艺及纸板结构与原材料选用，分析了纸板强度，水分含量，单位面积质量对纸面石膏板生产工艺、产量、质量及成本的影响，深入研究石膏纸板并把它运用好是生产纸面石膏板的关键。     

氟虫胺纸片在城市房屋散白蚁灭治中的研究

目的：寻找替代灭蚁灵的高效环保型灭治剂，破解城市房屋散白蚁灭治难题；方法：用含氟虫胺有效成份0．01％的诱饵纸片进行诱杀灭治处理；结果：散白蚁普遍取食诱饵纸片，诱杀速度较快，灭治效果好；结论：氟虫胺可以替代灭蚁灵作为诱饵的毒剂，诱杀灭治技术是城市房屋散白蚁灭治的新选择。     

磷-硼杂化预聚物嵌段水性聚氨酯纸张施胶剂的制备和性能

以甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI）、聚乙二醇（PEG）为单体,二羟甲基丙酸（DMPA）和磷-硼杂化预聚物PBHP为扩链剂,通过逐步加聚制备不同组分的含磷、硼元素的阻燃水性聚氨酯（FRWPU）。FRWPU与聚磷酸铵（APP）、季戊四醇（PER）、三聚氰胺（MEL）膨胀阻燃体系复配制备阻燃纸张施胶剂。采用红外光谱（FTIR）、核磁共振波谱（NMR）、热重分析（TGA）、扫描电镜（SEM）、接触角测定、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）和垂直燃烧测试对FRWPU分散体、FRWPU薄膜、未施胶纸样和施胶纸样进行了表征。研究表明,随着PBHP加入量的提高,薄膜的疏水性增强,FRWPU40的接触角为85.4°,较FRWPU0提高了35.3%;同时,薄膜的最大热分解速率下降,800℃的残留质量从0上升到7.80%;施胶纸样的最大热分解速率下降,残留质量提高,平均炭化长度减小。当PBHP含量为50%时,残炭量为27.84%,较FPU0/IFR提高了30.6%;平均炭化长度为5.9cm,较FPU0/IFR降低了30%。SEM结果表明,施胶纸样燃烧后表面生成更加致密的炭层,阻燃性能提高。     

植物纤维纸蜂窝制备的环境影响评价

利用CML环境影响评价方法,研究并比较了植物纤维纸蜂窝和传统芳纶纸蜂窝制备的环境影响。结果表明,针对所涉及的11个环境影响指标,植物纤维纸蜂窝低于芳纶纸蜂窝0.68 %~49.41 %;权重化结果表明,植物纤维纸蜂窝制备环境影响总体低于芳纶纸蜂窝18.77 %;制备芳纶纸蜂窝的环境影响主要来自于芳纶纸和电能的消耗;制备植物纤维纸蜂窝的环境影响主要来自于混杂纸和电能的生产。     

臭氧催化氧化深度处理造纸废水的试验研究

广东东莞某一家造纸企业污水处理系统的生化池出水具有色度高、难降解的特点。采用臭氧催化氧化工艺深度处理该废水,探究了空速、臭氧投加量以及O₃、H₂O₂物质的量比对COD去除率的影响。通过试验优选出空速为7 h^-1,臭氧投加量为70 g/t,O₃、H₂O₂物质的量比为0.5时,出水COD满足GB 18918-2002一级A的要求,为臭氧催化氧化在造纸废水中的应用提供技术支撑。     

TEMPO氧化纳米纤维素的制备及其对纸张性能的影响

以漂白桉木浆和废报纸为原料,利用2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-1-氧自由基(TEMPO)/NaBr/NaClO氧化体系对其进行处理制备氧化纳米纤维素,并探究两种氧化纳米纤维素添加量对纸张性能的影响。研究结果表明:桉木浆氧化纳米纤维素的平均纤维长度约为75~95 nm,长径比约为6.5~8.5,均高于废报纸氧化纳米纤维素(45~75 nm,4~6)。添加桉木浆氧化纳米纤维素和废报纸氧化纳米纤维素均可使纸张抗张指数、耐破指数和撕裂指数增加。添加6%桉木浆氧化纳米纤维素时,纸张抗张指数由21.16(N·m)/g增加至31.37(N·m)/g,耐破指数由1.32(kPa·m^(2))/g增加至1.84(kPa·m^(2))/g,撕裂指数由6.61(mN·m^(2))/g增加至8.03(mN·m^(2))/g;添加6%废报纸氧化纳米纤维素时,纸张抗张指数由21.16(N·m)/g增加至27.22(N·m)/g,耐破指数由1.32(kPa·m^(2))/g增加至1.79(kPa·m^(2))/g,添加4%废报纸氧化纳米纤维素,纸张撕裂指数由6.61(mN·m^(2))/g增加至8.12(mN·m^(2))/g,可见,添加桉木浆氧化纳米纤维素效果更佳。添加1%阳离子淀粉,有助于两种氧化纳米纤维素对纸张强度的提高,其中桉木浆氧化纳米纤维素可使抗张指数最大提高51.09%,耐破指数提高50.00%,撕裂指数提高27.62%。